Symbol (ANSI) |
Pair Materials and Polarity |
Temperature Range ℃ |
EMF (mV) |
Characteristics & environmental limited. |
E |
Chromel(+)
Constantan(-) |
-200 to 900 |
-8.82 to 68.78 |
Vacuum or inert gasses.
No corrosion at sub-zero temperature.
Highest EMF out put. |
J |
Iron (+)
Constantan (-) |
0 to 750 |
0 to 42.28 |
Recommended for reducing atmosphere (up to 860℃) |
K |
Chromel (+)
Alumel (-) |
-200 to 1250 |
-5.97 to 50.63 |
Use in oxidizing atmosphere. |
C |
Tungsten 5% /Rhenium (+)
Tungsten 26% /Rhenium (-) |
0 to 2320 |
0 to 37.07 |
For highest temperatures.
Poor oxidation resistance.
Use in vacuum and inert atmosphere. |
T |
Copper (+)
Constantan (-) |
-200 to 350 |
-5.6 to 17.82 |
Reducing atmosphere up to 400℃.
Resistant to low temperature. |
R |
Platinum 13% /Rodium (+)
Platinum (-) |
0 to 1450 |
0 to 16.74 |
High resistance to oxidation and corrosion.
Hydrogen, carbon and metal vapors are not recommended. |